Proof of Reserves for Tokenized Stocks: A CPA Attestation Guide

Proof of Reserves for Tokenized Stocks: A CPA Attestation Guide

Tokenized stocks are one of the fastest growing tokenization segments, and almost none of the issuers publish a reserve report. We break down native versus wrapped stock tokens, the five ways a 1:1 backed token still ends up under-reserved, and what a credible CPA attestation needs to cover.

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Solving Lightning's Timestamp Problem: How OpenTimestamps Can Strengthen Channel Balance Verification

Solving Lightning's Timestamp Problem: How OpenTimestamps Can Strengthen Channel Balance Verification

Lightning Network commitment transactions lack independently verifiable timestamps, creating a structural evidence gap for Proof of Reserves engagements. OpenTimestamps, a free, Bitcoin-native protocol, can anchor channel state data to a specific block, giving auditors a hard temporal proof without relying on management-controlled node records. Here's how practitioners can build it into their methodology.

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